Know your beneficial insects:
Ladybugs (lady beetles): A single adult ladybug consumes up to 60 aphids per day. Protect them by avoiding insecticide applications during their active season.
Lacewings: Their larvae are voracious predators of aphids, mites, thrips, and small caterpillars. Lacewing larvae can be purchased for garden release.
Parasitic wasps (Trichogramma species): Tiny wasps that parasitize pest caterpillar eggs. They are a primary tool in commercial IPM programs. Highly effective against tomato hornworm, cabbage worms, and other Lepidoptera pests.
Ground beetles: Nocturnal predators that consume slugs, cutworms, and other soil-dwelling pests.
Creating habitat for beneficials:
Plant flowering herbs (dill, fennel, yarrow, cilantro allowed to bolt) to provide nectar for adult beneficials·
Leave sections of the garden undisturbed for ground beetles to shelter and breed·
Avoid broad-spectrum pesticide applications, especially during bloom and beneficial insect activity Targeted pest control for gardens:
Aphids: Strong water spray to knock them off; insecticidal soap; neem oil; lacewing larvae release.
Caterpillars: Bt kurstaki applied to foliage — kills caterpillars without affecting adult butterflies, other insects, or mammals·
Slugs and snails: Iron phosphate bait (Sluggo) — highly effective, safe for pets and wildlife·
Whiteflies: Yellow sticky traps for monitoring; insecticidal soap; reflective mulch to confuse them.
